There is an introduction to the nature of the “Hubble tension” in the first part of this article, which covers measurements based on the distance ladder (see https://physbang.com/2026/07/28/hubble-tension-part-1-the-distance-ladder/). This article looks at how the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) can be used to calculate the expansion of the Universe – and therefore the Hubble constant. But … Continue reading Hubble Tension Part 2: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
At what rate is the Universe expanding?
When Edwin Hubble first used data to determine whether “nebulae” were part of our own galaxy, he found they were in fact moving away from the Milky Way at a rate proportional to their observed distance. The most distant of these objects (now known to be galaxies) were receding at the greatest speed. This in … Continue reading At what rate is the Universe expanding?
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